Once you've added your contribution to our reading notes, you are welcome to contribute your thinking in the discussions below. You can add your own topics or questions by clicking on the discussion tab above.
Please share a portion of your reading notes for the chapter with the class. I have assigned sections below and included an example below. You can "sign" your work by typing 4 "~'s" in a row.
Case Study: Culture Clash
Some areas are seeing a huge increase in imigrants. Some of these imigrant families do not share American values and sensibilities and resist assimilation. This resistance creates tension in the public schools serving these students.
I. Introduction
"A democratic society struggles with how to support individuality and yet develop a consciousness of shared concerns and actions that promote equity." (p. 76)
II. Today's Families (Jay)
Summary: Current trends in how families live differ by socioeconomic class. One in three children live in a single parent household, and the "traditional" family structure of one wage earner and one homemaker are rare. While the majority of people are waiting to have children, the birth rate among minorities is generally higher than for whites. The sociological factor that correlates to academic achievement best is economic well-being. - fogleman Oct 4, 2009
Only 68% of children under 18 live in two parent families.
Intact families with traditional earning roles are rare.
Minority birthrates are higher than those of whites.
Parents are generally older now because people are waiting longer before marrying.
One in three children live in a single parent home.
The factor most correlated with academic success is economic well being.
Ts should avoid stereotyping students from non-traditional households.
A. Parenting (Hannah)
Most families nowadays are not patriarchal and more egalitarian instead of autocratical
Mothers and fathers contribute to parenting
When parenting, mothers and fathers typically guide their children based on their childhood experiences. They do not realize that the culture now is very different from when they were growing up
Parents need to take an active role with educators in order to ensure their children's safety and educational success
What If He Has Two Mommies?
1950s - most children had both a mother and a father at home
Now - single parents, guardians, gay or lesbian parents, etc.
Schools are typically based around the family but that does not apply to everyone anymore
Teachers must be able to incorporate ALL families into their curriculum
Parents provide after-school care to over half of the students in grades K-5
Children who care for themselves after school are at a higher risk for behavioral problems, lower social competence, and poor academic performance.
Adolescence who are left alone after school are at more of a risk for engaging in risky behavior such as smoking, drinking, and using drugs.
Self-care for students is higher in wealthier families.
Decision to leave children home is often made based on the safety of the community as well as the health and maturity of the children.
Approximately half of the students in K-8 are supervised after school by their parents. However, about 1 in 5 of them go to school-based or center-based programs
Some families cannot afford to send their children to programs like these.
Most children who are left alone after school do not like it, and would welcome an adult that can provide them with supervision.
III. Where Students Live
The population of the US is migrating South and West. By 2010, 60% of the US population will live in the South and West.
A. Rural Communities (Cara)
21% of the population lives in the country or in communities with fewer than 2,500 residents.
Values are more conservative and the family is a cohesive unit.
Homes are more spread apart than in urban communities.
Workers in rural areas earn about three-fourths of the wages paid in urban areas.
14% of the rural population live in poverty.
Imployment in rural areas is limited, however increasing numbers of people living in the country are commuting to work in more populous areas.
-family living habits and expectations for school programs differ for families from rural and urban areas
18% of all U.S. students attend rural schools.
-large percentage of white and American Indian students
-schools are smaller than cities; student to teacher ratio is lower
-students perform better on national achievement tests than urban schools, but not as well as suburban schools
High teacher shortages results in the staffing of under qualified teachers.
Some courses cannot be offered due to shortage of teachers.
As the ethnicity increases in rural areas, teachers feel pressured because they lack experience outside of their environment.
Schools are similar to families in that the teachers and children have a strong bond as a community.
Generally fight proposals for consolidating schools due to historical traditions.
-worry that consolidated schools are too far away distancing families from their child's education
B. Suburban Communities (Iain)
nearly half the U.S. population lives in the suburbs
National center for children and poverty reports 30% of suburban children under the age of 18 live in families below the poverty level
most teachers are licensed at teach the subjects they are qualified to teach
Students usually out perform rural and urban counterparts in standardized tests and most go to college
C. Urban Communities (Iain)
rich in educational resources
libraries
museums
colleges and universities
people of color make up most of the population
22% of students have at least one foreign born parent
many families in urban areas are unable to contribute to the school like families in suburban areas
most of the upper class urban families opt for private schools
IV. Challenges of Childhood and Youth (Shaina)
-Teens are not generally bad and are just stereotyped as drug-using, promiscuous, non-productive adolescents
- Teens today face more challenges and peer pressure than ever before, especially from the media
--------they need help from families, friends, and religion to guide them correctly
-adults often send the negative image that teens are too young to enjoy adult benefits and only see them as troublemakers
-many teens (especially inner-city) think that adults don't really care about them or respect them
-------leads to low self-esteem
*
A. Homelessness (Kristin)
- 3 million people in the US are without shelter at some point during a year
- The homeless include men, women, families, children, and persons with disabilities
- 1 of 3 homeless people have run away from home, 1 of 4 have lived in a foster group home Reasons:
Since the late 1970s there is an increase in homelessness because there is a shortage of affordable rental housing
44% of homeless population work but employment is only part-time and they don’t make enough
- Most children of homeless families are placed in foster care or left with relatives or friends
- These people aren’t always vaccinated against common childhood diseases, more susceptible to illness
- Access to schools for the homeless is less of a problem than in the past
B. Abuse (Emma)
Domestic violence is the leading cause of homelessness for women and children in the US.
UNICEF (United Nation's Children"s Fund) reports that up to half of the females in some countries have been abused by a family member or a boyfriend.
In the US, one third of females murdered are killed by spouse/boyfriend.
Children who are abused or neglected may arrive at school hungry, bruised and depressed. Obviously this will have a negative impact on that child's ability to focus/learn.
These children need caring teachers who are willing to find them the help they need.
Many abused children run away from home in attempt to escape the abuse at home.
Many exhibit delinquent behaviors.
Abused children do not usually recover from the mental and psychological damage done to them as a child and usually seek psychological help.
C. Harassment and Bullying (Makayla)
The majority of students in public schools have experienced harassment and bullying in some form or another.
80% sexually harassed in school
1 in 3 experience it often
16% of students avoid school or cut classes
20% found it hard to pay attention
24% talked less in class
Harassment of girls and young women range from less extreme things like name calling to more severe things such as touching, and even rape.
LGBT students report verbal, sexual, and physical harassment and it sometimes ends in physical assault.
LGBT Bullying and Harassment
Most common harassment is verbal abuse
Almost all here homophobic remarks such as "that's so gay", "faggot", and "dyke".
20% said faculty and school staff also make homophobic remarks.
Students do not make these remarks as much when faculty and staff are around, but even when they are they very rarely intervene.
Bullying by bigger and stronger students
Purpose is to establish dominance over their victims
Ex. the person that pushes them out of line to get in front, or the one that forces other students to give them their money or do their homework.
Bullies are 3.2 times more likely to bring weapons to school and be involved in fights out of school
In a survey of 15,000+ 6th-10th graders, about 1/3 of males and 6% females said that in the last 30 days they were bullies, victims or both.
Victims experience anxiety, stress and depression.
Studies have found a link between bullying and violence later in life.
What can we do to help?
Educators can assist if they actually try.
Strategies recommended by the Sexual Harassment Task Force of the American Association of University Women (AAUW) include modeling appropriate behavior with students by avoiding sexual references, innuendos, and jokes.
D. Sexuality (Samantha)
*Defining one's sexuality begins in the early teens and continues throughout life
-many teenagers associate sex with freedom
-uncertainty about sex is fueled by parents, teenage friends, religion, media and older friends
-girls and women connect sex with acceptance, attractiveness, and love
-boys and men link sex with status, power, domination and violence
-sexual activity between teenagers decreased in the 1990s
-1991 half of high school students had intercourse
-2003 the percentage dropped to 47% males being slightly more sexually active
-most sexually acvtive teens report using contraception - swagner228 Oct 18, 2009
E. Teenage Pregnancy (Allie)
*Teen pregnancy rates are higher in the U.S than in any other industrialized nation
-1 in 20 teens become pregnant, of those twice as many are older (18-19)
-8 of 10 pregnant teens say they had not planned on becoming pregnant
-7% of students report having intercourse for the first time before they were 13
-98% of middle school girls reach 15 without getting pregnant
-8 out of 1,000 10-14 year olds have a child
-most fathers of these babies are in their 20's
*Poverty appears to be the most important factor in determining teenage pregnancy
-Many single teen mothers continue to live with their families which causes more
financial stress for their families
-Despite difficulties, over 60% of these mothers are enrolled in school, have graduated,
or have obtained a GED
-"8-12 years after birth, a child born to an unmarried, teenage, high school dropout is
ten times as likely to be living in poverty as a child born to a mother with none of these
characteristics."
-Poverty also contributes to low birth weights, health problems, and neglect
F. Dropping Out (Allie)
*Many teens do not see the value of completing their education, or do not believe they are capable of doing so.
-they believe they can learn lessons for survival better out of school
-they think for that moment rather than about the effects it will have on their lives
*"According to federal reports, 79% of 18-21 year olds had completed high school in 2003 but by age 24, 88%
of the population had completed high school, the GED, or other alternative credentials."
-Researchers question validity of statistics
-differences lie in the meaning of high school graduation, the No Child Left Behind only includes graduates
who receive regular standards-based diplomas with the class they began with
*Studies show that only 68% of students who enter 9th grade graduate with a regular diploma at the end of grade 12
-American indians, African Americans, and Latinos have only a 50% chance of completing high school
-Latino students continue to have one of the highest dropout rates
*Students from low-income families are 6 times more likely to drop out
*More females than males complete high school
*2/3 students with disabilities graduate
*78% of college grads are working
G. Substance Use (Sasha)
- Substances include: cigarettes, alcohol, or drugs
- In some situations teens use drugs due to biological predisposition or psychological problems that generate drug use o In other situations students become involved with drugs do to peer pressure, family pressure, or lack of self esteem
- Drug use was rated the fourth greatest problem that public schools face in the 2005 Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll of the Public’s Attitudes Toward Public Schools
- One prime concern about drug usage is chemical depenedency o Chemical dependency (addiction to drugs, alcohol or tobacco) is one of the leading causes for problems in academia o People become dependent on drugs when they are no longer able to resist the urge o Dependency, in most cases, requires professional treatment to overcome
- Alcohol is rate as the favorite drug as it is used 2x more than any other o Followed by alcohol are cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine, and inhalants according to the report of HS seniors
- 50% of 12th graders have used an illegal drug at least once, but less than ¼ have used drugs in the past month
- 9% of eighth graders report using cigarettes in the past month
- Current usage by teenagers has decreased from the mid 70s
- Use of prescription pills such as Vicodin , Oxy Contin, and other sedatives is of prime concern
- Students who plan to attend college are less likely to use drugs
- Male teens are more likely than females to be involved with drugs
H. Violence (Briana)
Juveniles are involved in less crime than adults think
in 2003, less than 2 out of 1,000 juveniles were arrested for a violent crime
most serious charge in juvenile arrests:
larceny/theft
simple assault
disorderly conduct
drug abuse
liquor law violation
African American youth are four times as likely to get incarcerated (jailed) than white youth, while American Indian youth are 2.6 times as likely and Latino youth are 1.8 times as likely
youth with disabilities, such as mental disorders and AD/HD, are represented in large numbers in prisons
"Crime is related more directly to poverty than to the age of the criminal." -- people in low-income areas are more likely to commit crimes and more likely the victims of violent crimes
the number of gangs has rapidly increased throughout the years, they are most likely in larger cities
"For youths of both sexes, gangs can provide a sense of place and a feeling of importance as well as a strong identity."
Suicide in youth
17% of high schoolers consider committing suicide, 9% attempt it
White and Latino youth are more likely to perform this act
more males commit suicide but more females consider it and make nonlethal attempts
gay teens are 2 or 3 times more likely to attempt suicide
I. Economic Realities (Briana)
64% of high school graduates attend a school post-secondary education
of college students, 57% are females and 43% are males
53% of low-income students attend college, while 80% of high-income students attend
many students begin working in high school, especially low-income students to help their family
students from middle- and high-income families are more likely to works as teens
students who work over 20 hours per week are more likely to get suspended and neglect homework, but are less likely to skip school and have behavioral problems
the lack of having a job as a teen is usually due to low self-esteem and pessimism about the student's future and value of school
V. Power in Society
*
A. Ethnocentrism (Lauren M)
Ethnocentrism > the view that one's culture is superior to all others. It entails the inability to accept differences among groups as natural and appropriate.
At times of war this is seen through patriotism. The opposed country is typically called names and is negatively stereotyped.
Often occurs between groups within the United States:
Homosexuals are discriminated against because they're not viewed at the "right" way.
"Members of some religious groups believe that their cultural values and lifestyles are the only correct ones; they do not tolerate alternative beliefs" (Johnson 96).
Many members of the dominant culture believe that their culture is superior to those with roots outside of Europe.
They often treat the differences as deficits that must be overcome through education and special programs.
Educators need to address their own ethnocentric tendencies and show respect for diverse groups by including them in the curriculum.
B. Prejudice (Lauren M)
Prejudice > A preconceived negative attitude toward members of specific ethnic, racial, religious, or socioeconomic groups. (Sometimes includes people with disabilities, people with a different sexual orientation or different gender.)
Because of stereotypes; people try to figure out where they fit in in relation to "others."
The construction of "others" places them either in a dominating or submissive role relative to the individual.
This influences how society treats members of different groups.
These attitudes are passed on through a process called socialization.
Socialization > The process of learning the social norms of one's culture
This prejudice can easily lead to discrimination.
Prevents members of a certain group from interviewing for a job, joining a social club or being treated like other professionals.
C. Discrimination (Lauren T)
*Many members of the non-dominant culture experience discrimination--unfair treatment/exclusion
*It is very difficult for members of the dominant culture to acknowledge the differing powers between groups
*Often leads to debates over equal opportunities that should be available to all groups
*Society supports individual prejudice and discrimination--discriminates against powerless groups
Laws and systems protect dominant culture, help its members and superiority
"English Only" laws, etc.--many ingrained in system
D. Racism (Lauren T)
*Assumption of superiority=major part of Racism
Difficult to discuss--involves personal experiences and emotions
Hard for dominant culture to see flaws in society (Against concept of America as equal, "Land of the Free")
Hard if never affected by racism
*People in society need to discuss and be educated about racism to overcome
*Will go through stages of racial identity to address racism
Have to confront own racial identity, etc.
E. Sexism and other isms (Jaime)
Many people suffer from discrimination and there are people who suffer from more than one type of discrimination.
One can be discriminating someone without being aware of it
ex. helping a disabled person do something because you think it will be easier, but this just lowers their confidence level
ex. appointing a man incharge while the boss is away when a woman is just as capable
Some terms to know:
-------Sexism: a conscious or unconscious belief that men are superior to women
-------Ableism: the conscious or unconscious belief that people with disabilities are inferior to people without V. Resiliency (Jaime)
*There are instances when children suffer from a bad home environment or have had a lot to deal with in the past. Some children are able to overcome these obstacles and still do well in school...these children represent resiliency as a whole.
-Some characteristics of resilient children:
optimistic
cooperative
social
helpful
punctual
Often children who are resilient have a family member who helps them with school work and get along well with their teachers, but this is not always true.
---Some terms to know:
--------Resiliency: ability to overcome overwhelming obstacles and still achieve in school and in life
--------Self-efficacy: the belief that one can control one's life
Chapter 3: Sociological Perspectives on Students and Families
Discussion
Once you've added your contribution to our reading notes, you are welcome to contribute your thinking in the discussions below. You can add your own topics or questions by clicking on the discussion tab above.Reading Notes
Please share a portion of your reading notes for the chapter with the class. I have assigned sections below and included an example below. You can "sign" your work by typing 4 "~'s" in a row.Case Study: Culture Clash
I. Introduction
"A democratic society struggles with how to support individuality and yet develop a consciousness of shared concerns and actions that promote equity." (p. 76)II. Today's Families (Jay)
A. Parenting (Hannah)
- Most families nowadays are not patriarchal and more egalitarian instead of autocratical
- Mothers and fathers contribute to parenting
- When parenting, mothers and fathers typically guide their children based on their childhood experiences. They do not realize that the culture now is very different from when they were growing up
- Parents need to take an active role with educators in order to ensure their children's safety and educational success
- What If He Has Two Mommies?
- 1950s - most children had both a mother and a father at home
- Now - single parents, guardians, gay or lesbian parents, etc.
- Schools are typically based around the family but that does not apply to everyone anymore
- Teachers must be able to incorporate ALL families into their curriculum
-B. Children Alone (Virginia)
III. Where Students Live
A. Rural Communities (Cara)
- 21% of the population lives in the country or in communities with fewer than 2,500 residents.
- Values are more conservative and the family is a cohesive unit.
- Homes are more spread apart than in urban communities.
- Workers in rural areas earn about three-fourths of the wages paid in urban areas.
- 14% of the rural population live in poverty.
- Imployment in rural areas is limited, however increasing numbers of people living in the country are commuting to work in more populous areas.
-family living habits and expectations for school programs differ for families from rural and urban areas- 18% of all U.S. students attend rural schools.
-large percentage of white and American Indian students-schools are smaller than cities; student to teacher ratio is lower
-students perform better on national achievement tests than urban schools, but not as well as suburban schools
- High teacher shortages results in the staffing of under qualified teachers.
- Some courses cannot be offered due to shortage of teachers.
- As the ethnicity increases in rural areas, teachers feel pressured because they lack experience outside of their environment.
- Schools are similar to families in that the teachers and children have a strong bond as a community.
- Generally fight proposals for consolidating schools due to historical traditions.
-worry that consolidated schools are too far away distancing families from their child's educationB. Suburban Communities (Iain)
C. Urban Communities (Iain)
IV. Challenges of Childhood and Youth (Shaina)
-Teens are not generally bad and are just stereotyped as drug-using, promiscuous, non-productive adolescents- Teens today face more challenges and peer pressure than ever before, especially from the media
--------they need help from families, friends, and religion to guide them correctly
-adults often send the negative image that teens are too young to enjoy adult benefits and only see them as troublemakers
-many teens (especially inner-city) think that adults don't really care about them or respect them
-------leads to low self-esteem
*
A. Homelessness (Kristin)
- 3 million people in the US are without shelter at some point during a year- The homeless include men, women, families, children, and persons with disabilities
- 1 of 3 homeless people have run away from home, 1 of 4 have lived in a foster group home
Reasons:
- Since the late 1970s there is an increase in homelessness because there is a shortage of affordable rental housing
- 44% of homeless population work but employment is only part-time and they don’t make enough
- Most children of homeless families are placed in foster care or left with relatives or friends- These people aren’t always vaccinated against common childhood diseases, more susceptible to illness
- Access to schools for the homeless is less of a problem than in the past
B. Abuse (Emma)
C. Harassment and Bullying (Makayla)
The majority of students in public schools have experienced harassment and bullying in some form or another.- 80% sexually harassed in school
- 1 in 3 experience it often
- 16% of students avoid school or cut classes
- 20% found it hard to pay attention
- 24% talked less in class
- Harassment of girls and young women range from less extreme things like name calling to more severe things such as touching, and even rape.
- LGBT students report verbal, sexual, and physical harassment and it sometimes ends in physical assault.
LGBT Bullying and Harassment- Most common harassment is verbal abuse
- Almost all here homophobic remarks such as "that's so gay", "faggot", and "dyke".
- 20% said faculty and school staff also make homophobic remarks.
- Students do not make these remarks as much when faculty and staff are around, but even when they are they very rarely intervene.
Bullying by bigger and stronger students- Purpose is to establish dominance over their victims
- Ex. the person that pushes them out of line to get in front, or the one that forces other students to give them their money or do their homework.
- Bullies are 3.2 times more likely to bring weapons to school and be involved in fights out of school
- In a survey of 15,000+ 6th-10th graders, about 1/3 of males and 6% females said that in the last 30 days they were bullies, victims or both.
- Victims experience anxiety, stress and depression.
- Studies have found a link between bullying and violence later in life.
What can we do to help?D. Sexuality (Samantha)
*Defining one's sexuality begins in the early teens and continues throughout life-many teenagers associate sex with freedom
-uncertainty about sex is fueled by parents, teenage friends, religion, media and older friends
-girls and women connect sex with acceptance, attractiveness, and love
-boys and men link sex with status, power, domination and violence
-sexual activity between teenagers decreased in the 1990s
-1991 half of high school students had intercourse
-2003 the percentage dropped to 47% males being slightly more sexually active
-most sexually acvtive teens report using contraception
-
E. Teenage Pregnancy (Allie)
*Teen pregnancy rates are higher in the U.S than in any other industrialized nation-1 in 20 teens become pregnant, of those twice as many are older (18-19)
-8 of 10 pregnant teens say they had not planned on becoming pregnant
-7% of students report having intercourse for the first time before they were 13
-98% of middle school girls reach 15 without getting pregnant
-8 out of 1,000 10-14 year olds have a child
-most fathers of these babies are in their 20's
*Poverty appears to be the most important factor in determining teenage pregnancy
-Many single teen mothers continue to live with their families which causes more
financial stress for their families
-Despite difficulties, over 60% of these mothers are enrolled in school, have graduated,
or have obtained a GED
-"8-12 years after birth, a child born to an unmarried, teenage, high school dropout is
ten times as likely to be living in poverty as a child born to a mother with none of these
characteristics."
-Poverty also contributes to low birth weights, health problems, and neglect
F. Dropping Out (Allie)
*Many teens do not see the value of completing their education, or do not believe they are capable of doing so.-they believe they can learn lessons for survival better out of school
-they think for that moment rather than about the effects it will have on their lives
*"According to federal reports, 79% of 18-21 year olds had completed high school in 2003 but by age 24, 88%
of the population had completed high school, the GED, or other alternative credentials."
-Researchers question validity of statistics
-differences lie in the meaning of high school graduation, the No Child Left Behind only includes graduates
who receive regular standards-based diplomas with the class they began with
*Studies show that only 68% of students who enter 9th grade graduate with a regular diploma at the end of grade 12
-American indians, African Americans, and Latinos have only a 50% chance of completing high school
-Latino students continue to have one of the highest dropout rates
*Students from low-income families are 6 times more likely to drop out
*More females than males complete high school
*2/3 students with disabilities graduate
*78% of college grads are working
G. Substance Use (Sasha)
- Substances include: cigarettes, alcohol, or drugs- In some situations teens use drugs due to biological predisposition or psychological problems that generate drug use
o In other situations students become involved with drugs do to peer pressure, family pressure, or lack of self esteem
- Drug use was rated the fourth greatest problem that public schools face in the 2005 Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll of the Public’s Attitudes Toward Public Schools
- One prime concern about drug usage is chemical depenedency
o Chemical dependency (addiction to drugs, alcohol or tobacco) is one of the leading causes for problems in academia
o People become dependent on drugs when they are no longer able to resist the urge
o Dependency, in most cases, requires professional treatment to overcome
- Alcohol is rate as the favorite drug as it is used 2x more than any other
o Followed by alcohol are cigarettes, marijuana, cocaine, and inhalants according to the report of HS seniors
- 50% of 12th graders have used an illegal drug at least once, but less than ¼ have used drugs in the past month
- 9% of eighth graders report using cigarettes in the past month
- Current usage by teenagers has decreased from the mid 70s
- Use of prescription pills such as Vicodin , Oxy Contin, and other sedatives is of prime concern
- Students who plan to attend college are less likely to use drugs
- Male teens are more likely than females to be involved with drugs
H. Violence (Briana)
I. Economic Realities (Briana)
V. Power in Society
*A. Ethnocentrism (Lauren M)
Ethnocentrism > the view that one's culture is superior to all others. It entails the inability to accept differences among groups as natural and appropriate.B. Prejudice (Lauren M)
Prejudice > A preconceived negative attitude toward members of specific ethnic, racial, religious, or socioeconomic groups. (Sometimes includes people with disabilities, people with a different sexual orientation or different gender.)C. Discrimination (Lauren T)
*Many members of the non-dominant culture experience discrimination--unfair treatment/exclusion*It is very difficult for members of the dominant culture to acknowledge the differing powers between groups
*Often leads to debates over equal opportunities that should be available to all groups
*Society supports individual prejudice and discrimination--discriminates against powerless groups
D. Racism (Lauren T)
*Assumption of superiority=major part of Racism- Difficult to discuss--involves personal experiences and emotions
- Hard for dominant culture to see flaws in society (Against concept of America as equal, "Land of the Free")
- Hard if never affected by racism
*People in society need to discuss and be educated about racism to overcome*Will go through stages of racial identity to address racism
E. Sexism and other isms (Jaime)
- Many people suffer from discrimination and there are people who suffer from more than one type of discrimination.
One can be discriminating someone without being aware of itex. helping a disabled person do something because you think it will be easier, but this just lowers their confidence level
ex. appointing a man incharge while the boss is away when a woman is just as capable
Some terms to know:
-------Sexism: a conscious or unconscious belief that men are superior to women
-------Ableism: the conscious or unconscious belief that people with disabilities are inferior to people without
V. Resiliency (Jaime)
*There are instances when children suffer from a bad home environment or have had a lot to deal with in the past. Some children are able to overcome these obstacles and still do well in school...these children represent resiliency as a whole.
-Some characteristics of resilient children:
- optimistic
- cooperative
- social
- helpful
- punctual
Often children who are resilient have a family member who helps them with school work and get along well with their teachers, but this is not always true.---Some terms to know:
--------Resiliency: ability to overcome overwhelming obstacles and still achieve in school and in life
--------Self-efficacy: the belief that one can control one's life